...and could arguably the same phenomenon be reported in the role of parenting — uncapable of providing presence, the parents must make use of surrogates.

The exclusion of mothers, aunts, and other nonprofessionals from the care of their pregnant, abnormal, hurt, sick, or dying relatives and friends resulted in new demands for medical services at a much faster rate than the medical establishment could deliver. As the value of services rose, it became almost impossible for people to care.